| Chapter 15 | |
| List of Terms and Expressions | |
| Links to contents | foreword | Chapters 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | animations | acknowledgements | references | comments | |
This chapter contains an alphabetical list of selected terms and expressions
used in the handbook. Brief definitions are given. More detailed information
can be found in Chapter 2: Definitions .
| Blast wave | The air wave set in motion by an explosion. |
|---|---|
| BLEVE | Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion: An explosion due to flashing of liquids when a vessel with a high vapour pressure substance fails. |
| Burning rate | The amount of fuel consumed by the combustion process per unit time. |
| Burning Velocity | Velocity of the flame front with respect to the unburnt gas immediately ahead of the flame. |
| Combustion | The burning of gas, liquid, or solid in which fuel is oxidised; involves heat release and often light emission. |
| Confined Gas Explosion | Explosion within tanks, process equipment, pipes, in culverts, sewage systems, closed rooms, underground installations etc. |
| Deflagration | A combustion wave propagating at subsonic velocity relative to the unburnt gas immediately ahead of the flame. |
| Detonation | A combustion wave propagating at supersonic velocity relative to the unburnt gas immediately ahead of the flame. |
| Dynamic pressure | The pressure increase that a moving fluid would experience if it was brought to rest by isentropic flow against a pressure gradient. |
| Explosion | An event leading to a rapid increase of pressure. |
| Flame Speed | Velocity of a flame relative to a stationary observer. |
| Flash Fire | A slow deflagration of a premixed, unconfined, unobstructed gas cloud producing negligible overpressure. |
| Flash Point | The minimum temperature at which a liquid fuel gives off sufficient vapour to form a flammable mixture with air, near the surface of the liquid or within the vessel used. |
| Gas Explosion | A process where combustion of a premixed gas cloud is causing rapid increase of pressure. |
| GexCon | CMR's Gas Explosion Consultancy. |
| HVAC | Heat, Ventilation and Air-Conditioning. |
| Partly Confined Gas Explosion | Occurs when a fuel is accidentally released, mixed with air and ignited inside a building which is partly open. |
| Pressure | Stress which is exerted uniformly in all directions. |
| Reflected pressure | Pressure measured when a blast wave hits an object like a wall head-on. |
| Side-on pressure | Pressure measured perpendicular to the propagation direction of a blast wave. |
| Stagnation pressure | The pressure that a moving fluid would have if it was brought to rest by isentropic flow against a pressure gradient. |
| Static pressure | a) The pressure that would exist at a point in a medium if no sound waves were present, or b) the normal component of stress exerted across a surface moving with the fluid, especially across a surface which lies in the direction of the flow. |
| Shock Wave | A fully developed compression wave of large amplitude, across which density, pressure, and particle velocity change drastically. |
| Turbulence | Turbulent flow is characterised by an irregular random fluctuation imposed on mean flow velocity. |
| Unconfined Gas Explosion | A deflagration in an unconfined, unobstructed cloud. |
| Vapour Cloud Explosion | Gas explosion. |
| VCM | Vinyl Chloride Monomer. |
| Links to contents | foreword | Chapters 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 | 10 | 11 | 12 | 13 | 14 | 15 | animations | acknowledgements | references | comments |