Publications

This web page contains a list of publications from GexCon (from 2000 to present), as well as previous publications from process safety related activities at Christian Michelsen Institute (CMI) and Christian Michelsen Research (CMR).

Many of the publications can be downloaded from this web site as PDF files.

 

2010

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2009

  • Baraldi, D., Kotchourko, A., Lelyakin, A., Yanez, J., Middha, P., Hansen, O.R., Gavrikov, A., Efimenko, A., Verbecke, F., Makarov, D. & Molkov, V. (2009). An inter-comparison exercise on CFD model capabilities to simulate hydrogen deflagrations in a tunnel. International Journal of Hydrogen Energy, 34 (18): 7862-7872.
  • Ham, K., Marangon, A., Carcassi, M., Schiavetti, M., Middha, P., Hansen, O.R., Versloot, N., Papanikolaou, E., Venetsanos, A., Engebø, A., Saw, J.L., Saffers, J-B., Flores, A. & Serbanescu, D. (2009). Benchmark exercise on risk assessment methods applied to a virtual hydrogen refueling station. Third International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, 16-18 September 2009, Ajaccio, Corsica, France.
  • Ichard, M., Hansen, O.R., Melheim, J.A. (2009). Modelling of flashing releases around buildings. Eighty-ninth American Meteorological Society (AMS) Annual Meeting, Eight Symposium on the Urban Environment, 11-15 January 2009, Phoenix, USA, Paper: J14.2: http://ams.confex.com/ams/pdfpapers/147092.pdf
  • Kumar, S., Miles, S.D., Adams, P., Kotchourko, A., Hedley, D., Middha, P., Molkov, V., Teodorczyk, A. & Zenner, M. (2009). Hytunnel project to investigate the use of hydrogen vehicles in road tunnels. Third International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, 16-18 September 2009, Ajaccio, Corsica, France.
  • Middha, P., Hansen, O.R. & Storvik, I.E. (2009). Validation of CFD-model for hydrogen dispersion. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 22: 1034-1038.
  • Melheim, J.A., Ichard, M. & Pontiggia, M. (2009). Towards a computational fluid dynamics methodology for studies of large-scale LNG releases. Hazards XXI, 9-12 November 2009, Manchester, UK. IChemE Symposium Series 155: 336-343.
  • Melheim, J.A., Jenkins, A.D., Barstad, I., Skjold, T., Dahl, E.O., (2009). Norwegian Centre of Offshore Wind Energy – overview of research activities. Poster session. European Offshore Wind, 13-16 September 2009, Stockholm, Sweden.
  • Middha, P., Hansen, O.R. & Arntzen, B.J. (2009). Can the addition of hydrogen to natural gas reduce the explosion risk? Third International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, 16-18 September 2009, Ajaccio, Corsica, France.
  • Middha, P., Ichard, M., Hansen, O.R. & Arntzen, B.J. (2009). Validation of CFD modeling of LH2 spread and evaporation against large-scale spill experiments. Third International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, 16-18 September 2009, Ajaccio, Corsica, France.

 

2008

  • Hansen, O.R., Melheim, J.A., Storvik, I.E. (2008). Validating the data. LNG Industry, Spring 2008 Issue: 103-108.
  • Melheim, J.A., Arntzen, B.J. (2008). Spill fire modelling. Poster session. Ninth International Symposium on Fire Safety Science, 21-28 September 2008, Karlsruhe, Germany.
  • Middha, P. & Hansen, O.R. (2008). Predicting deflagration to detonation transition in hydrogen explosions. Process Safety Progress, 27 (3): 192-204.
  • Skjold, T., van Wingerden, K., Hansen, O.R. & Eckhoff, R.K. (2008). Modelling of vented dust explosions - empirical foundation and prospects for future validation of CFD codes. HAZARDS XX, 14-17 April 2008, Manchester, UK. IChemE Symposium Series 154: 838-850.
  • Skjold, T., Dahoe, A.E., Melheim, J., Arntzen, B.J. & Eckhoff, R.K. (2008). Improved correlations for turbulent burning velocity and flame thickness in the CFD code DESC. Seventh International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE), July 7-11, St. Petersburg, Russia, Volume I: 208-216.
  • Skjold, T., Eckhoff, R.K., Enstad, G.E., Kalvatn, I.B., van Wingerden, M., & van Wingerden, K. (2008). A modified balloon experiment for dust explosions. Thirty-second Symposium (International) on Combustion, Work-in-Progress Poster Session, 3-8 August 2008, Montreal, Canada.
  • Skjold, T., van Wingerden, K., Abiven, R. & Larsen, Ø. (2007). Ulykkesgranskning etter eksplosjon på ved Vest Tank på Sløvåg Industriområde. GexCon-08-F45543-O-1, Rev. 02, Report (Open), in Norwegian.
  • Skjold, T., van Wingerden, K., Abiven, R. & Larsen, Ø. (2007). Accident investigation following the Vest Tank explosion at Sløvåg. GexCon-08-F45543-O-1, Rev. 03, Report (Open), in English.

 

2007

  • Flaherty, J.E., Allwine, K.J., Brown, M.J., Coirier, W.J., Ericson, S.C., Hansen, O.R., Huber A.H., Kim, S., Leach, M.J., Mirocha, J.D., Newsom, R.K., Patniak, G. & Senocak, I. (2007). PNNL-SA-56788. Evaluation study of building-resolved urban dispersion models. Seventh Symposium on the Urban Environment, 10-13 September 2007, San Diego, CA.
  • Hanna, S.R., Brown, M.J., Camelli, F.E., Chan, S.T., Coirier, W.C., Hansen, O.R., Huber, A.H. Kim, S. & Reynolds, R.M. (2006). Atmospheric flow and dispersion in downtown Manhattan – application of five computational fluid dynamics models. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), December 2006: 1713-1726.
  • Hansen, O.R., Melheim, J.A. & Storvik, E.E. (2007). CFD-modeling of LNG dispersion experiments. AIChE Spring National Meeting and Forty-first Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, 22-26 April 2007, Houston, USA. (to be published in Process Safety Progress).
  • Hansen, O.R. & Middha, P. (2007). CFD-based risk assessment for hydrogen applications. Proceedings of AIChE Spring National Meeting and Forty-first Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, 22-26 April 2007, Houston, USA. (published in Process Safety Progress).
  • Hansen, O.R. & Middha, P. (2007). CFD simulation study to investigate the risk from hydrogen vehicles in tunnels. Second International Conference on Hydrogen Safety, 11-13 September 2007, San Sebastian, Spain.
  • Jordan, T., Xiao, J., Middha, P., Travis, J., Garcia, J., Hansen, O.R., Molkov, V., Verbecke, F. & Venetsanos, A.G. (2007). Results of the HySafe CFD validation Benchmark SBEP-V5. Second International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, 11-13 September 2007, San Sebastian, Spain.
  • Middha, P., Hansen, O.R. & Storvik, I.E. (2007). Validation of CFD-model for hydrogen dispersion. Presented at First World Conference on Safety of Oil and Gas Industry, 10-13 April 2007, Gyeongju, Korea. (under consideration for publication in Journal of Loss Prevention in Process Industries).
  • Middha, P. & Hansen, O.R. (2007). Estimating the consequences of deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) in hydrogen explosions. AIChE Spring National Meeting and Forty-first Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, 22-26 April 2007, Houston, USA. (to be published in Process Safety Progress).
  • Middha, P, Hansen, O.R. & Schneider, H. (2007). Deflagration to detonation transition (DDT) in jet ignited hydrogen-air mixtures: large scale experiments and FLACS CFD predictions. Twelfth International Loss Prevention Symposium, 22-24 May 2007, Edinburgh, UK. IChemE Symposium Series 153: …
  • Middha, P, Hansen, O.R., Groethe, M. & Arntzen, B.J. (2007). Hydrogen explosion study in a confined tube: FLACS CFD simulations and experiments. Twenty-first International Colloquium of Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (ICDERS), 23-27 July 2007, Poitiers, France.
  • Middha, P., Hansen, O.R., Grune, J. & Kotchourko, A. (2007). Validation of CFD calculations against ignited impinging jet experiments. Second International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, 11-13 September 2007, San Sebastian, Spain.
  • Middha, P. & Hansen, O.R. (2007). Hydrogen risk studies using FLACS. First Process Safety Technical Exchange Meeting, 6-7 November 2007, Al Khobar, Saudi Arabia.
  • Pu, Y.K., Jiaa, F., Wanga, S.F. & Skjold, T. (2007). Determination of the maximum effective burning velocity of dust–air mixtures in constant volume combustion. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 20: 462-469.
  • Skjold, T. (2007). Review of the DESC project. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 20: 291-302.
  • Skjold, T. (2007). Simulating the effect of release of pressure and dust lifting on coal dust explosions. Twenty-first International Colloquium of Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, 23-27 July 2007, Poitiers, France. Available (31.10.2009): http://www.icders2007poitiers.org/ICDERS_program/Schedule.htm
  • Skjold, T., Eckhoff, R.K., Arntzen, B.J., Lebecki, K., Dyduch, Z., Klemens, R., & Zydak, P. (2007). Simplified modelling of explosion propagation by dust lifting in coal mines. Fifth International Seminar on Fire and Explosion Hazards, 23-27 April 2007, Edinburgh, Scotland.
  • Skjold, T., van Wingerden, K., Abiven, R. & Larsen, Ø. (2007). Ulykkesgranskning etter eksplosjon på ved Vest Tank på Sløvåg Industriområde. GexCon-07-F45543-Å-1, Rev. 00, Report (Open), in Norwegian.
  • van Wingerden, K. (2007). Hva er en eksplosjon og hvordan kan man beskytte seg mot den? Forskningsdagene, Bergen, 22 September 2007.
  • Venetsanos, A.G., Papanikolaou, E., Delichatsios, M., Garcia, J., Hansen, O.R., Heitsch, M., Huser, A., Jahn, W., Jordan, T., Lacome, J-M., Ledin, S., Makarov, D., Middha, P., Studer, E., Tchouvelev, A.V., Teodorczyk, A., Verbecke, F. & van der Voort, M.M. (2007). An inter-comparison exercise on the capabilities of CFD models to predict the short and long term distribution and mixing of hydrogen in a garage. Second International Conference of Hydrogen Safety, 11-13 September 2007, San Sebastian, Spain.

 

2006

  • Hanna, S.R., Brown, M.J., Camelli, F.E., Chan, S.T., Coirier, W.J., Hansen, O.R., Huber, A.H., Kim, S. & Reynolds, R.M. (2006). Detailed simulation of atmospheric flow and dispersion in downtown Manhattan. Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society (BAMS), December 2006: 1713-1726.
  • Hoorelbeke, P., Bakke, J.R., Renoult, J., & Izatt, C. (2006). Vapor cloud explosion analysis of onshore petrochemical facilities, ASSE-MEC Seventh Professional Development Conference & Exhibition, 18-22 March 2006, Kingdom of Bahrain,. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/38-Vapor_Cloud_Explosion-GexCon.pdf
  • Skjold, T., Larsen, Ø. & Hansen, O.R. (2006). Possibilities, limitations, and the way ahead for dust explosion modelling. HAZARDS XIX, 28-30 March 2006, Manchester, UK. IChemE Symposium Series 151: 282-297.
  • Skjold, T. & Eckhoff, R.K. (2006). A balloon experiment for dust explosions. Thirty-first Symposium (International) on Combustion, 6-11 August 2006, Heidelberg, Work-in-Progress Poster Session: 606.
  • Skjold, T. (2006). Review of the DESC project. Sixth International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention, and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE), 27 August – 1 September 2006, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, Volume I: 1-21.

 

2005

  • Dharmavaram, S., Hanna, S.R. & Hansen, O.R. (2005). Consequence analysis using a CFD model for industrial sites. Process Safety Progress, 24(4): 316-327. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Dharmavaram_05.pdf
  • Larsen, Ø. (2005). Eksplosjonssikkerhet - leverandører av ikke-elektrisk utstyr ukjente med nye sikkerhetskrav. FLUID scandinavia nr 3, 2005.
  • Skjold, T., Y.K. Pu, Arntzen, B.J., Hansen, O.J., Storvik, I.E., Taraldset, O.J. & Eckhoff, R.K. (2005). Simulating the influence of obstacles on accelerating dust and gas flames. Twentieth International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems (ICDERS), July 31 – August 5, Montreal, Canada. Work-in-progress poster presentation. Available (31.10.2009): http://www.galcit.caltech.edu/~jeshep/icders/cd-rom/EXTABS/247_20TH.PDF
  • Skjold, T. & Hansen, O.R. (2005). The development of DESC – a dust explosion simulation code. Paper presented at International European Safety Management Group (ESMG) Symposium, 11-13 October 2005, Nürnberg, Germany.

 

2004

  • Bakke, J.R. & Skogrand, P.E. (2004). The effect of relief panels on gas explosion overpressure. GexCon AS. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/ERA2004-Explosion_relief_panels.pdf
  • Hanna, S.R., Hansen, O.R. & Dharmavaram, S., (2004). FLACS CFD air quality model performance evaluation with Kit Fox, MUST, Prairie Grass, and EMU observations. Atmospheric Environment, 38: 4675 4687. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/AE-FLACSPaper.pdf
  • Hansen, O.R., Skjold, T. & Arntzen, B.J. (2004). DESC – a CFD-tool for dust explosions. International European Safety Management Group (ESMG) Symposium, 16-18 March 2004, Nürnberg, Germany.
  • Larsen, Ø. (2004). Unngå eksplosjoner. Teknisk Ukeblad, 23.09.2004. http://www.tu.no/nyheter/bygg/article29735.ece.
  • Skjold, T., Arntzen, B.J., Hansen, O.J., Storvik, I.E. & Eckhoff, R.K. (2004). Simulation of dust explosions in complex geometries with experimental input from standardized tests. Fifth International Symposium on Hazards, Prevention and Mitigation of Industrial Explosions (ISHPMIE), 10-14 October 2004, Krakow, Poland: 199-208.
  • Skjold, T, Arntzen, B.J., Hansen, O.R., Taraldset, O.J., Storvik, I.E. & Eckhoff, R.K. (2004). Simulating dust explosions with the first version of DESC. HAZARDS XVIII, 23-25 November 2004, Manchester, UK. IChemE Symposium Series 150: 451-468.

 

2003

  • Arntzen, B.J., Salvesen, H.C., Nordhaug, H.F., Storvik, I.E. & Hansen, O.R. (2003). CFD modeling of oil mist and dust explosion experiments. GexCon and University of Bergen (Norway). Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/4th_ISFEH_Arntzen.pdf
  • Bakke, J.R. & Hansen, O.R. (2003). Probabilistic analysis of gas explosion loads, FABIG Newsletter, Issue No. 34, January 2003. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Probabilistic_analysis_of_gas_explosion_loads-FABIG.pdf

 

2002

  • Hansen, O.R., Wiik, A. & Wilkins, B. (2002). Suppression of secondary explosions in transformer rooms. Journal de Physique IV France, 12: 385-392.
  • Won, K. & Salvesen, H.C. (2002). A study for prevention of unconfined vapor cloud explosion from spilled LNG confined in dike. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Paper2002_CCPS.pdf

 

2001

  • Larsen, Ø., Hagen, J.H. & van Wingerden, K. (2001). Ignition of dust clouds by brush discharges in oxygen enriched atmospheres. Journal of Loss Prevention in the process industries, 14: 111-122. Available (31.10.2009): gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Larsen-loss-prevention-2001.pdf
  • Larsen, Ø., Hagen, J.H., van Wingerden, K. & Eckhoff, R.K. (2001). Ignition of dust clouds by brush discharges in oxygen enriched atmospheres. Gefahrstoffe-Reinhaltung der Luft, 61 (3): 85-90. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Larsen-GRL-2001.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Arntzen, B.J. & Kosinski, P. (2001). Modelling of dust explosions. VDI-Berichte, 1601: 411-421. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/DustCFD1.pdf
  • Talberg, O., Strøm, Ø. & Bakke, J.R. (2001). Explosion risk reduction using CFD. ERA conference, 27-28 November 2001. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/ERA_01-Paper.pdf
  • Savvides, C., Tam, V., Os, J.E., Hansen, O.R., van Wingerden, K. & Renoult, J. (2001). Dispersion of fuel in offshore modules: comparison of predictions using FLACS and full scale experiments. ERA conference, 27-28 November 2001. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/ERA-FLACS-paper_v1.pdf
  • Talberg, O., Hansen, O.R., Bakke, J.R. & van Wingerden, K. (2001). Application of a CFD-based probabilistic risk assessment to a gas-handling plant. International European Safety Management Group (ESMG) Symposium, 27-29 March 2001. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/ESMGpaper.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K. (2001). European standardisation in the non-electric field: devices and systems for explosion prevention and protection. VDI-Berichte, 1601: 93-95. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/WG3Staub.pdf
  •  

2000

  • Berg, J.T., Bakke, J.R., Fearnley, P. & Brewerton, R.B. (2000). A CFD layout sensitivity study to identify optimum safe design of a FPSO. OTC paper number 12159. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/OTC_121591.pdf
  • Gjesdal, T. (2000). Local grid refinement for improved description of leaks in industrial gas safety analysis. Computing and Visualization in Science, 2: 25-32.
  • Gjesdal, T. (2000). Implicit-explicit (IMEX) schemes for advection-diffusion. Fifth Nordic Computational Equations Circus, 10-11 March 2000, Bergen, Norway.
  • Hansen, O.R. (2000). Can CFD explosion simulations improve safety and provide cost efficient solutions offshore? Third International Seminar on Explosion Hazards, 10-14 April, Lake Windermere, UK.
  • Larsen, Ø. & Eckhoff, R.K. (2000). Critical dimensions of holes and slots for transmission of gas explosions: some preliminary results for propane/air and cylindrical holes. Journal of Loss Prevention in the process industries, 13: 341-347. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Larsen_00.pdf
  • Scheid, M. & Sand, I.Ø. (2000). Influence of turbulence and flow-rate on ignition properties of combustible mixtures. Report (Confidential) CMR-00-F30075, Christian Michelsen Research, Bergen, Norway.
  • Talberg, O., Hansen, O.R. & Bakke, J.R. (2000). Recent advances in CFD-based probabilistic explosion risk assessment. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/ERA_00-Paper.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K. (2000). Mitigation of gas explosions using water deluge. Process Safety Progress, 19 (3): 173-178. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Waterspraymitigation.pdf

 

1999

  • Arntzen, B.J., Johnsen, F., Armond, S. & Edmondson, P. (1999). Combustion modelling in FLACS-99. Report (Confidential), CMR-99-F30086, Christian Michelsen Research, Bergen, Norway.
  • Linga, H., Wilkins, B. & van Wingerden, K. (1999). Large-scale runaway reaction tests. Loss Prevention Symposium, (where and when, pages???). Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/cheers.pdf
  • Strøm, Ø. & Bakke, J.R. (1999). Gas detector location. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/ERA-GD-Paper-19991.pdf
  • Talberg, O., Hansen, O.R. & Bakke, J.R. (1999). Explosion risk assessment using FLACS. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/ERA-paper-ole991.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Hansen, O.R. & Foisselon, P. (1999). Predicting blast overpressures caused by vapor cloud explosions in the vicinity of control rooms. Process Safety Progress, 19 (2): 17-24. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Process-safety-progess-vol19.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Bjerketvedt, D. & Bakke, J.R. (1999). Detonations in pipes and in the open. Petro Chemical Congress'99, 23-24 June 1999. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Detonation.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K. (1999). Explosion venting techniques and devices: current state of the European draft standards. Third World Wide Seminar on the Explosion Phenomenon and on the Application of the Explosion Protection Techniques in Practice, 8-12 February 1999. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/ExplosionVenting.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K. (1999). Mitigation of gas explosions using water deluge. Thirty-fourth Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, 6-8 March 2000, …
  • Wiik, A. (1999). Trykktap i dykkesystemer. Dykkenytt, 2: 24-27.

 

1998

  • Arntzen, B.J. (1998). Modelling of turbulence and combustion for simulation of gas explosions in complex geometries. Dr. Ing. Thesis, NTNU, Trondheim.
  • Gjesdal, T. & Teigland, R. (1998). Accuracy and stability of semi-implicit finite difference advection schemes. Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, 14: 647-655.
  • Gjesdal, T. (1998). Accuracy and convergence of defect correction in an incompressible multigrid solver based on pressure correction smoothers. In Hackbusch, W. & Wittum, G. (Eds.): Multigrid Methods V, Lecture Notes in Computational Science and Engineering, Springer Verlag.
  • Gjesdal, T. (1998). Local grid refinement for improved description of leaks in industrial gas safety analysis. European Science Foundation Conference on Applied Mathematics for Industrial Flow Problems, 1-3 October 1998, San Feliu de Guixols.
  • Hansen, O.R. & van Wingerden, K. (1998). Modelling the effects of water deluge and inert gas dilution on gas explosions in congested geometries. Ninth International Symposium Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, 4-7 May 1998, Barcelona, Spain.
  • Hansen, O.R., van Wingerden, K., Pedersen, G.H. & Wilkins, B.A. (1998). Studying gas leak, dispersion and following explosion after ignition in a congested environment subject to a predefined wind field, experiments and FLACS-simulations are compared. ERA-Conference: Seventh Annual Conference on Offshore Installations, 1-2 December 1998, London. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Hansen-ERA-98.pdf
  • Salvesen, H-C. & Teigland, R. (1998). Non-reflecting boundary conditions applicable to general purpose CFD simulators. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 28: 523-540.
  • Tveit, I.M. & van Wingerden, K. (1998). Explosion load calculations in a shale shaker area. Offshore Technology Report no. OTH537, Health and Safety Executive.
  • van Wingerden, K., Wilkins, B.A. & Pedersen, G.H. (1998). On the effect of gas mixture non-homogeneity and pre-ignition turbulence on gas explosions in high density congested industrial facilities. Ninth International Symposium Loss Prevention and Safety Promotion in the Process Industries, 4-7 May 1998, Barcelona, Spain. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Barcelona.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Hansen, O.R., Foisselon, P. & Lemousy, T. (1998). Effect of deluge on explosions: FLACS simulations compared to full-scale experiments. ERA-Conference: Seventh Annual Conference on Offshore Installations, 1-2 December 1998, London. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Watersprayvalidation.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K. & Hansen, O.R. (1998). Mitigation of gas explosion by waterspray. International Seminar on Thermal and Fire Explosion Hazards in Process Industries, 10-11 December 1998, Hyderabad, India.
  • van Wingerden, K., Hansen, O.R., & Foisselon, P. (1998). The use of sophisticated models for prediction of blast generated by vapour cloud explosions. International Seminar on Thermal and Fire Explosion Hazards in Process Industries, 10-11 December 1998, Hyderabad, India.
  • van Wingerden, K., Hansen, O.R., & Foisselon, P. (1998). Prediction of blast overpressures generated by vapour cloud explosions occurring in the vicinity of control rooms. Thirty-second Annual Loss Prevention Symposium, Building Design for Explosion Hazards, …

 

1997

  • Bjerketvedt, D., Bakke, J.R. & Van Wingerden, K. (1997). Gas explosion handbook. Journal of Hazardeous Materials, 52 (1): 1-150.
  • Gjesdal, T. (1997). Smoothing analysis of multicolour pattern schemes. Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, 85: 345-350.
  • Gjesdal, T. & Lossius, M.E.H. (1997). Comparison of pressure correction smoothers for multigrid solution of incompressible flow. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 25: 393-405.
  • van Wingerden, K. & Linga, H. (1997). New aspects of the effect of water spray on gas explosions in offshore rigs. ERA Technology Conference: Fire & Blast Engineering, London, 19 November 1997: 3.2.1-3.2.11. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/waterspray.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Bjørkhaug, M. & Bjerketvedt, D. (1997). Dispersion experiments in a 1:5 scale offshore module. IChemE Symposium Series, 141: 79-87. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Dispersion.pdf
  •  
  • 1996
  • Gjesdal, T. (1996). A note on the additive correction multigrid method. International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 23 (2): 293-298.
  • Popat, N.R., Catlin, C.A., Arntzen, B.J., Hjertager, B.H., Solberg, T., Sæter, O., Lindstedt, R.P., van den Berg, A.C. (1996). Investigations to improve and assess the accuracy of computational fluid dynamic (CFD) based explosion models. Journal of Hazardeous Materials, 45: 1-25. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/popat1996.pdf
  • Sand, I.Ø., Sjøen, K. & Bakke, J.R. (1996). Modelling of release of gas from high-pressure pipelines. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, 23: 953-983.
  • van Wingerden, K. (1996). Simulation of dust explosions using a CFD-code. Seventh International Colloquium on Dust Explosions, 23-26 June 1996, Bergen: 6.42-6.51. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/VDI2.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K. & Stavseng, L. (1996). Measurements of the laminar burning velocities in dust-air mixtures. VDI-Berichte, 1272: 553-564. Available (31.10.2009): …
  • van Wingerden, K., Hansen, O.R. & Stavseng, L. (1996). The use of a CFD-model for predicting blast and fire ball effects due to vented dust explosions. VDI-Berichte, 1272: 565-577. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/VDI1.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Wilkins, B.A., Linga, H. & Pedersen, G.H. (1996). Experimental investigation of some aspects of accidental gas explosions in offshore rigs. Second International Specialist Meeting on Fuel-Air Explosions, 26-28 June 1996, Bergen, Norway: 2.8-2.21.
  • van Wingerden, K., Linga, H., Pedersen, G.H. & Wilkins, B.A. (1996). The influence of initial turbulence on the consequences of gas explosions in offshore rigs. Fifth International Conference on Offshore Structures - Hazards & Integrity Management, ERA Technology, 4-5 December 1996, London: 5.3.1-5.3.12

1995

  • van Wingerden, K., Pedersen, G.H. & Eckhoff, R.K. (1995). Violence of dust explosions in integrated systems. Process Safety Progress, 14 (2): 131-138. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Wingerden-Pedersen-Eckhoff.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K. & Wilkins, B.A. (1995). The influence of water sprays on gas explosions – Part 1: water-spray-generated turbulence. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 8 (2): 53-59. Available (31.10.2009): gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Wingerden-loss-prevention-part1-1995.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Wilkins, B.A., Bakken, J. & Pedersen, G.H. (1995). The influence of water sprays on gas explosions – Part 2: mitigation. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 8 (2): 61-70.  Available (31.10.2009): gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Wingerden-loss-prevention-part2-1995.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Hansen, O.R. & Storvik, I.E. (1995). On the validation of a numerical tool used for explosion and dispersion predictions in the offshore industry. Loss Prevention in the Oil and Gas Industry,15: 201-219.
  • van Wingerden, K., Hansen, O.R. & Teigland, R. (1995). Prediction of the strength of blast waves in the surroundings of vented offshore modules. ERA Technology Conference: Offshore Structures - Hazards, Safety and Engineering, …, London. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Wingerden-Hansen.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Salvesen, H-C. & Perbal, R. (1995). Simulation of an accidental vapor cloud explosion. Process Safety Progress, 14 (3): 173-181. Available (31.10.2009): gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Wingerden-Salvesen.pdf

 

1994

  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1994). Dust explosions in the Process Industries. Butterworth-Heinemann, …
  • van Wingerden, K., Pedersen, G.H. & Wilkins, B.A. (1994). Turbulent flame propagation in gas mixtures. Hazards XII, …, Manchester, UK. IChemE Symposium Series 134: 249-261.
  • van Wingerden, K. (1994). Course and strength of accidental explosions on offshore installations. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 7 (4): 295-304.
  • van Wingerden, K. (1994). Water sprays for mitigation of gaseous explosions in offshore modules. Europex Newsletter, March 1994: 4-7.

 

1993

  • van Wingerden, K. (1993). Prediction of pressure and flame effects in the direct surroundings of installations protected by dust explosion venting. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 6 (4): 241-249. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Wingerden.pdf
  • van Wingerden, K., Arntzen, B., Storvik, I., Teigland, R., Bakke, J.R., Sand, I.Ø. & Sørheim, H.R. (1993). FLACS-93: a new explosion simulator. ERA-Conference: Offshore Structural Design Against Extreme Loads, …, London, UK

 

1992

  • van Wingerden, K. & Alfert, F. (1992). Dust explosion propagation in connected vessels. VDI Berichte, 975: 507-528. Available (31.10.2009): www.gexcon.com/index.php?src=download/Dust_explosion_propagation_in_connected_vessels.ppt

 

1991

  • Hjertager, B.H. & Bjørkhaug, M. (1991). Experimental investigation: effect of water sprays on gas explosions. Offshore Technology Report, OTH 90 316, Prepared by Christian Michelsen Institute for the Department of Energy, HMSO, London.

 

1990

  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1990). Sizing of dust explosion vents in the process industries: advances made during the 1980s. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 3: 268-279.

 

1989

  • Bakke, J.R., Bjerketvedt, D., Bjørkhaug, M. & Sørheim, H.R. (1989). Gas explosion calculations in an offshore module – a case study. Contingency planning for the offshore industry, 24-25 May 1989, Dyce, Aberdeen.
  • Bakke, J.R., Bjerketvedt, D., Bjørkhaug, M. & Sørheim, H.R. (1989). Practical applications of advanced gas explosion research: FLACS – a predictive tool. …
  • Sand, I.Ø. & Bakke, J.R. (1989). Wall-function boundary conditions in the solution of the Navier-Stokes and the energy equations. Report (Confidential), CMI-no. 25110-3, Christian Michelsen Institute, Bergen, Norway.

 

1988

  • Hjertager, B.H., Bjørkhaug, M. & Fuhre, K. (1988). Explosion propagation of non-homogeneous methane-air clouds inside an obstructed 50 m3 vented vessel. Journal of Hazardeous Materials, 19: 139-153.
  • Hjertager, B.H., Fuhre, K. & Bjørkhaug, M. (1988). Concentration effects on flame acceleration by obstacles in large-scale methane-air and propane-air vented explosions. Combustion Science and Technology, 62: 239-256.
  • Hjertager, B.H., Fuhre, K. & Bjørkhaug, M. (1988). Gas explosion experiments in 1:33 and 1:5 scale offshore separator and compressor modules using stoichiometric homogeneous fuel/air clouds. Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, 1: 197-205.
  •  

1987

  • Bakke, J.R. & Hjertager, B.H. (1987). The effect of explosion venting in empty vessels. International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, 24: 129-140.

 

1986

  • Bakke, J.R. & Hjertager, B.H. (1986). The effect of explosion venting in obstructed channels. Modelling and Simulation in Engineering, Wahlström, B & Leiviskä, K. (Eds.), North-Holland, Amsterdam: 129-140.
  • Hjertager, B.H. (1986). Three-dimensional modelling of flow, heat transfer, and combustion. Handbook of Heat and Mass Transfer, Gulf Publishing Company, Houston: 1303-1350.

 

1985

  • Bakke, J.R. & Hjertager, B.H. (1985). The effect of explosion venting in empty vessels. Fourth International Conference on Numerical Methods in Thermal Problems, 15-18 July, Swansea.
  • Hjertager, B.H., Fuhre, K., Parker, S. & Bakke, J.R. (1985). Flame acceleration of propane-air in a large-scale obstructed tube. Dynamics of Shock Waves, Explosions, and Detonations, Bowen, J.R., Manson, N., Oppenheim, A.K. & Soloukhin, R.I. (Eds.), Progress in Astronautics and Aeronautics, 94: 504-522.
  • Hjertager, B.H. (1985). Computer simulation of turbulent reactive gas dynamics. Modeling, Identification and Control, 5 (4): 211-236.

 

1984

  • Hjertager, B.H. (1983). Influence of turbulence on gas explosions. Journal of Hazardeous Materials, 9: 315-346.

 

1983

  • Hjertager, B.H., Fuhre, K., Parker, S. & Bakke, J.R. (1983). Flame acceleration of propane-air in a large-scale obstructed tube. Ninth International Colloquium on Dynamics of Explosions and reactive Systems (ICDERS), 3-8 July, Poitiers, France.
  • Hjertager, B.H. (1983). Influence of turbulence on gas explosions. International Symposium on Control and Prevention of Gas Explosions, 1 December 1983, London.

 

1982

  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1982). Current dust explosion research at the CMI. International Conference on Fuel-Air Explosions, 4-6 November 1981, McGill University, Montreal, Canada, Lee, J.H.S. & Guirao, C.M. (Eds.), University of Waterloo Press: 657-678.
  • Hjertager, B.H. (1982). Simulation of transient compressible turbulent reactive flows. Combustion Science and Technology, 27: 159-170.

 

1981

 

  • Dahl, H. (1981). Sikkerhet. Teknisk Ukeblad, 128 (42): 8.
  • Hjertager, B.H. (1981). Numerical simulation of turbulent flame and pressure development in gas explosions. International Specialist Meeting on Fuel-Air Explosions, 4-6 November 1981, McGill University, Montreal, Canada.
  • Hjertager, B.H. (1981). Gasseksplosjoner: konsekvenser på plattformer til havs. Lecture, 28-30 September 1981, Fagernes Hotel, Norske Sivilingeniørers Forening (NIF).

 

1980

  • Dahl, H. (1980). Safety standard settings based on scientific and human criteria. Uncertainties in the Management of the Offshore Petroleum Resources, 26-29 August 1980, organized by Norwegian Petroleum Society as a part of the conference and exhibition Offshore North Sea.

 

1979

  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1979). Eksplosjoner: en kort oversikt over forskjellige typer. Lecture at the course “Dammexplosioner”, STF, Kungävl, Sweden. Report CMI no. 790702-2, Christian Michelsen Research, Bergen, Norway.

 

1978

  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1978). Necessary vent areas for grain and feedstuff dust explosions. Cereal Foods World, 23 (11): 650-656.

 

1977

  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1977). The use of the Hartmann bomb for determining KSt values of explosible dust clouds. Staub – Reinhaltung der Luft, 37: 110-112.

 

1976

  • Eckhoff, R.K. & Enstad, G. (1976). Why are “long” electric sparks more effective dust explosion initiators than “short” ones? Combustion and Flame, 27: 129-131.

 

1975

  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1975). Towards absolute minimum ignition energies for dust clouds? Combustion and Flame, 24: 53-64.

 

1974

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1973

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1972

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1971

  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1971). Noen generelle betraktninger omkring kornstøveksplosjonen ved Stavanger Havnesilo. Industrivern-Nytt, 1: 1-15.
  • Eckhoff, R.K. (1971). Støveksplosjoner – en aktuell trussel? Teknisk Ukeblad, 47: 5 pp.

 

1970

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